Most of the comments have been pretty bang on - depending on the precise pathology, you'll have different treatment methods and outcomes. Severity of disc damage increases from a discal bulge, to prolapse, herniation and finally sequestration; and the impact of disc damage depends on how it physically affects the surrounding area - it's much more likely to be serious if it touches or compresses a nerve root, or indents the spinal (thecal) sac.
Treatment is primarily physiotherapy, core muscle strengthening, and activity modification - but can also mean spinal surgery if no conservative measures resolve your pain / dysfunction.
I believe Geo recently had a discectomy or spinal fusion or disc replacement (can't recall which), so he will be able to give you a pretty decent insight into the hows and whys of this injury.
I'm also more than happy to try to explain and help with the rehabilitation process
Almost right - you had a bit of a dyslexic attack with the Thoracic spine (12 vertebrae).