As long as the load on the engine, particularly in turbocharged cars, is kept down when cold you should have any problems. The modern engine is designed with the fact that peopel get into them and drive off when cold.
As already mentioned the differential expansion and viscosity of the oil are important to the safe operation of your engine.
Anyone remember the Castrol (i think) advert where is said 90% of engine wear occurs in the first 10 minutes of driving? The oil's optimum performance isn't reached until a certain temperature/viscosity, generally based around the temps. of a warmed up engine.
The issue with the turbo's isn't the ceramic or steel blades, it's the massive heat generated by the turbo's spinning at 200,00 RPM and getting red hot. At these temperatures the oil can crystalise in the bearings, this is where the problems are caused.
The longer they are left to get to a reasonable temperature the more efficient the oil will operate.